The prevalence (%) of hazardous drinking in the total population in 2020/21 is shown below:

By age-group (years)

By ethnic group (total response)

By neighbourhood deprivation

here are the references

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CITATIONS USED

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Paschall MJ, Grube JW, Thomas S, Cannon C, Treffers R. Relationships between local enforcement, alcohol availability, drinking norms, and adolescent alcohol use in 50 California cities. J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs. Jul 2012;73(4):657-665.
Reboussin BA, Song EY, Wolfson M. The impact of alcohol outlet density on the geographic clustering of underage drinking behaviors within census tracts. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research. 2011;35(8):1541-1549.
Rowland B, Evans-Whipp T, Hemphill S, Leung R, Livingston M, Toumbourou JW. The density of alcohol outlets and adolescent alcohol consumption: An Australian longitudinal analysis. Health Place. 2016;37:43-49.
Rowland B, Toumbourou JW, Livingston M. The association of alcohol outlet density with illegal underage adolescent purchasing of alcohol. J. Adolesc. Health. 2015;56(2):146-152.
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Rowland B, Toumbourou JW, Satyen L, Livingston M, Williams J. The relationship between the density of alcohol outlets and parental supply of alcohol to adolescents. Addict. Behav. 2014;39(12):1898-1903.
Shamblen SR, Harris MS, Ringwalt CL, Flewelling RL, Clark HK, Hanley SM. Outlet density as a predictor of alcohol use in early adolescence. Subst. Use Misuse. 2011;46(8):1049-1059.
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Sharmin, S., Kypri, K., Khanam, M., Wadolowski, M., Bruno, R., & Mattick, R. P. (2017). Parental supply of alcohol in childhood and risky drinking in adolescence: systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(3), 287.
Shih RA, Mullins L, Ewing BA, et al. Associations between neighborhood alcohol availability and young adolescent alcohol use. Psychol. Addict. Behav. Dec 2015;29(4):950-959.
Wicki M, Gmel G. Hospital admission rates for alcoholic intoxication after policy changes in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland. Drug Alcohol Depend. Nov 1 2011;118(2-3):209-215.
Young R, Macdonald L, Ellaway A. Associations between proximity and density of local alcohol outlets and alcohol use among Scottish adolescents. Health Place. 2013;19:124-130.

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Connor J, Casswell S. The burden of road trauma due to other people's drinking. Accid. Anal. Prev. Sep 2009;41(5):1099-1103.

Donaldson L. Guidance on the consumption of alcohol by children and young people. London, United Kingdom: Department of Health;2009.

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Squeglia LM, Sorg SF, Schweinsburg AD, Wetherill RR, Pulido C, Tapert SF. Binge drinking differentially affects adolescent male and female brain morphometry. Psychopharmacology (Berl.). 2012;220(3):529-539.

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If drinking is happening now

Only if you feel safe, you may wish to intervene when you see young people drinking. Or call for assistance if you need help.

If you want to take action

Make sure you get the help and support you need.

Help to change the laws so that young people can be protected:

• Join or start a local alcohol action group or link in to other groups. Connect to our facebook group and/or join Alcohol Action New Zealand.
• Click on the following links to read about advocating for strong policies in schools and tertiary settings.
• Click on mobilising others to learn more.

Remember - the most important policies to protect young people from alcohol-related harm are:

• Increasing the price of alcohol
• Increasing the minimum legal purchase age from 18 to 20 years
• Restricting alcohol advertising and sponsorship
• Reducing the number of licensed premises (particularly off-licences) in your community

Organise alcohol-free events - encourage activities and social gatherings for young people that are alcohol-free:

1. Support/facilitate a discussion with young people about what form these could take, and involve them in the planning.

1. These could include indoor games challenges; outdoor activities – e.g. walks/tramps; music concert/dance; cultural activities such as kapa haka; singing; study/homework groups; community development initiatives – such as helping to re-develop local park/playground, community garden or supporting conservation efforts, helping others – such as a working bee to help an older resident with a task, helping to prepare Marae or other venue before event/clean-up after; fundraising events for school or local facilities. What about an inter-village/town challenge where young people of two or three local areas come together to “compete” in one or more fun challenges – the young people can decide what the “rules” are.

Click here for supply from others or supply from licensed premises.